Effects of process parameters variations and optimization of biodiesel production from orange seed oil using raw and thermal clay as catalyst

In this study, process parameters for the production of biodiesel from orange seed oil using raw and thermal clay as catalyst were analyzed randomized optimal design. The design was a response surface method (full fractional factorial) which identified various points being numerical discrete. optimization performed by varying five factors, each at two different levels. parameters: methanol to molal ratio (mol/mol), concentration (weight %), reaction time (minutes), temperature (°C) agitation speed (revolution per minutes, rpm) independent variables (input), while yield (vol/vol) dependent variable (response) in process. designed matrix, 3D (three dimensional) plots, contour plots analysis variance (ANOVA), achieved Design Expert Software (version 12.0), optimum predicted experimented ascertain interactive effects parameters. correlating regression coefficient indicated satisfactory performance model clay. experimental/actual maximum 79.53 94.58% v/v 79.55 92.98% v/v. set conditions that caused these positive established Time 150 Temperature 65 °C, /sample 12:1, 3.0 wt. % 300 rpm respectively. Thisresults shows agreement between actual yield. It can be concluded best thermally modified catalyst.